ALL ABOUT YOUR CAR’S EMISSION SYSTEM

 

 

The emission system in a car is designed to reduce harmful pollutants released into the atmosphere.

When fuel burns in the engine, it produces exhaust gases that contain pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and unburned hydrocarbons (HC). The exhaust gases exit the engine through the exhaust manifold, which collects them and directs them toward the emission control components.

The Catalytic Converter is a key component that converts harmful gases into less harmful emissions. It contains catalysts (usually precious metals like platinum, palladium, and rhodium) that facilitate chemical reactions such as converting carbon monoxide into carbon dioxide (CO2), converting nitrogen oxides into nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2) and converting unburned hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide and water (H2O).

As an aside, Catalytic Converters contain precious metals like platinum and are often stolen. Our Auto Repair Mechanic in Astoria regularly replaces Catalytic Converters that are stolen.

Oxygen Sensors monitor the amount of oxygen in the exhaust gases. They help the engine control unit (ECU) adjust the air-fuel mixture for optimal combustion, improving efficiency and reducing emissions. The Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) system recirculates a portion of the exhaust gases back into the intake manifold. This lowers combustion temperatures and reduces NOx emissions.

Then there is the Evaporative Emission Control System (EVAP). This system captures fuel vapors from the fuel tank and prevents them from escaping into the atmosphere. It uses components like the charcoal canister, which absorbs fuel vapors, and a purge valve that allows the vapors to be drawn into the engine for combustion.

In diesel engines, the Diesel Particulate Filter captures and stores soot particles from the exhaust. It periodically undergoes a regeneration process to burn off the accumulated soot. In some vehicles, additional air is injected into the exhaust stream during cold starts to help reduce emissions by promoting the oxidation of unburned hydrocarbons.

 

SYMPTOMS OF A BAD EMISSION SYSTEM

As a leading center for Auto Repair in Queens, customers come in with emission system problems in their vehicles. A malfunctioning emission system can lead to various symptoms in a vehicle. Here are some common signs that may indicate an issue:

The Check Engine Light. This is often the first indication. The light may illuminate due to problems with components like the catalytic converter, oxygen sensors, or the EGR system.

Secondly, if your vehicle is using more fuel than usual, it could be due to a malfunctioning emission system affecting the air-fuel mixture.

You might experience rough idling, stalling, or hesitation during acceleration, often linked to emission control issues. There can also be strong smells from the exhaust. A strong smell of fuel or rotten eggs (sulfur) could indicate problems with the catalytic converter or other parts of the emission system or excessive smoke from the exhaust, especially if it's black (indicating unburned fuel) or blue (indicating burning oil), can signal a malfunction. If your vehicle fails an emissions test, it indicates that the emission system is not functioning properly.

Another symptom is a clogged catalytic converter can cause excessive heat, potentially leading to engine overheating.

If the engine is running roughly, it could also be due to issues with the air-fuel mixture or problems within the emission system.

If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s a good idea to have your vehicle inspected by a professional mechanic to diagnose and address the issue promptly.

FIXING PROBLEMS WITH YOUR EMISSION SYSTEM

Fixing problems in an emission system typically involves diagnosing the specific issue and then addressing it with the appropriate repairs. It is recommended that a professional mechanic, like the our Auto Repair Mechanic in Astoria, do all the diagnosis and repairs.

It all begins with a Diagnostic Scan. Mechanics will use an OBD-II scanner to read error codes from the vehicle’s computer. This helps pinpoint the malfunctioning component.

The next step is to Inspect and Replace Components. The following parts may need to be replaced. The Catalytic Converter may be clogged or damaged, it may need to be replaced. Regular checks can help prevent premature failure.

Faulty oxygen sensors can affect the air-fuel mixture. Replacing malfunctioning oxygen sensors can restore proper function.

The EGR Valve is also another component. Cleaning or replacing a faulty EGR valve can resolve issues related to exhaust gas recirculation.

The Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor, if dirty or malfunctioning, cleaning or replacing it can improve performance and emissions.

Cracked or disconnected vacuum hoses can lead to incorrect readings and performance issues. Inspect and replace as necessary.

Any leaks in the exhaust system can affect emissions. Inspect and repair or replace damaged sections of the exhaust system.

Check the Service the Evaporative Emission Control System (EVAP). Check the charcoal canister, purge valve, and associated hoses for leaks or clogs. Replace any faulty components.

If your vehicle has excessive carbon buildup, consider using a fuel system cleaner or performing a fuel injector cleaning service. Keeping up with routine maintenance, such as oil changes and air filter replacements, can prevent issues that lead to emission system problems.

A professional mechanic should be consulted for all of the above.  They have the tools and expertise to perform comprehensive diagnostics and repairs. Addressing emission system problems promptly can not only help your vehicle pass emissions tests but also improve fuel efficiency and overall performance. Overall, the emission system plays a critical role in meeting regulatory standards and reducing the environmental impact of vehicles.

If you are a vehicle owner experiencing any of the aforementioned symptoms and are located in the New York City area, then a visit to our Auto Repair Mechanic in Queens  may be in order.   Steinway Auto repair has been serving the boros of Queens, Manhattan, Bronx, and Brooklyn since 1997.